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Paul E Holtzheimer, MD, MS

Title(s)
Professor of Psychiatry
Professor of Surgery

Additional Titles/Positions/Affiliations
Deputy Director for Research, National Center for PTSD
Staff Physician, White River Junction VAMC

Department(s)
Psychiatry
Surgery

Education
1990-1995 Pacific Lutheran University, Tacoma, WA.
B.S., Biology, summa cum laude.
B.A., Psychology and Philosophy, summa cum laude.
- Honors in Philosophy.
- Honors in the Integrated Studies Program.
1995-1999 Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH.
M.D., with honors.
2005-2008 Emory University, Atlanta, GA.
M.S., Clinical Research.

Programs
National Center for Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
Program in Experimental and Molecular Medicine

Curriculum Vitae
Holtzheimer_P_CV_2026-01-06.doc

Contact Information

White River Junction VA Medical Center
215 N. Main St.
White River Junction VT 05009

Phone: 802-296-5132
Email: paul.e.holtzheimer@dartmouth.edu


Professional Interests

Dr. Holtzheimer’s clinical and preclinical research program is focused on the neurobiology and treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder, mood disorders, and related conditions such as traumatic brain injury. Current methodologies include functional and structural neuroimaging (including EEG) and focal neuromodulation techniques such as transcranial magnetic stimulation and deep brain stimulation.

Rotations and Thesis Projects

Rotations are available in the lab.

Grant Information

I01 BX006246-01 (MPI: Paul Holtzheimer, MD, Crystal Noller, PhD)
5/2025-4/2030 VA BLR&D
Targeted brain stimulation to enhance recovery after shockwave-induced blast TBI: Identifying neural biomarkers to guide treatment

IK2 CX002101-01A2 (PI: Crystal Lantrip, PhD; Primary Mentors: Paul Holtzheimer, MD, Suzannah Creech, PhD)
10/2021-9/2026 VA CSR&D
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Augmented Written Exposure Therapy for Veterans with PTSD

IK2 RX003551-01 (PI: Crystal Noller, PhD; Primary Mentor: Paul Holtzheimer, MD)
10/2022-09/2027 VA RR&D
Harnessing the Cholinergic Inflammatory Reflex to Alter Neuroinflammation and Neuropsychiatric Consequences Following Traumatic Brain Injury.

1IK2BX006530-01 (PI: Krista Disano, PhD; Primary Mentor: Holtzheimer)
2024-2027 VA BLR&D
Breaching CNS barriers: Deciphering the spatiotemporal regulation of immune cell surveillance following blast TBI

I01 CX-002088 (MPI: Paul Holtzheimer, MD, Noah Philip, MD)
10/2020-9/2025 VA CSR&D
Assessing an electroencephalography (EEG) biomarker of response to transcranial magnetic stimulation for major depression

I01 CX002333-01 (MPI: Michael Hollifield, MD, Charles Brock, MD; Co-I/LSI: Paul Holtzheimer, MD)
2021-2025 VA CSR&D
Efficacy and Safety of Stellate Ganglion Block for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Veterans

Biography

Paul Holtzheimer, MD, is the Deputy Director for Research at the VA's National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Executive Division. He is Professor of Psychiatry and Surgery at the Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, and a staff psychiatrist at the White River Junction VA Medical Center.

Dr. Holtzheimer’s clinical and research interests include developing better interventions for PTSD and related disorders, especially for patients with treatment-resistant and comorbid illness. He has expertise in brain imaging and brain stimulation therapies (including transcranial magnetic stimulation, electroconvulsive therapy, vagus nerve stimulation, and deep brain stimulation). A primary aim of his research program is to better understand the neural circuitry of treatment-resistant mood and anxiety disorders (especially PTSD), and to use this information to develop and advance novel treatment approaches, with a particular emphasis on focal brain stimulation therapies.

Dr. Holtzheimer is an author on over 150 publications in psychiatry, neurology, neurosurgery and neuroimaging.


Selected Publications

 

Personalized fMRI-Guided TMS Targeting the Threat Neurocircuitry in PTSD: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
van Rooij SJH, Langhinrichsen-Rohling R, Minton ST, Hinojosa CA, Lukemire J, Lipschutz R, Hinrichs R, Merrill N, Ely TD, Dahlgren K, Sompolpong P, Job G, Riva-Posse P, Holtzheimer PE, Calhoun VD, Camprodon JA, Rauch SAM, Kaslow NJ, Ressler KJ, Jovanovic T, McDonald WM
Am J Psychiatry. 2026 May 1;183(5):343-354. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.20250749. Epub 2026 Apr 2.
PMID: 41922982

Motivational Interviewing Targeting Pain and Substance Use in Veterans Seeking Service-Connection Payments: A Multisite Randomized Clinical Trial.
Rosen MI, Gilstad-Hayden K, Lazar CM, Sellinger J, Mattocks K, Barnett PG, Brummett BR, Higgins DM, Holtzheimer P, Livingston NA, Ngo T, Reznik TE, Schimelman B, Semiatin AM, Solzhenitsyn C, Martino S
J Gen Intern Med. 2026 Feb 25; doi: 10.1007/s11606-025-10127-2. Epub 2026 Feb 25.
PMID: 41741869

Target variability and stability of neuroimaging-guided transcranial magnetic stimulation of the amygdala circuitry for posttraumatic stress disorder.
van Rooij SJH, Hinojosa CA, Sompolpong P, Au M, Teye-Botchway L, Ely TD, Job G, Minton ST, Langhinrichsen-Rohling R, Riva-Posse P, Lukemire J, Ressler KJ, Kaslow NJ, Rauch SAM, Jovanovic T, Holtzheimer PE, Calhoun VD, McDonald WM, Camprodon JA
Res Sq. 2026 Jan 26; pii: rs.3.rs-8321466. doi: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8321466/v2. Epub 2026 Jan 26.
PMID: 41646285

The Single-Prolonged Stress Model Fails to Produce Behavioral or Corticosterone Alterations in Rats.
McGuier M, Bragg E, Holtzheimer P, Doucette W
eNeuro. 2026 Feb;13(2) doi: 10.1523/ENEURO.0168-25.2025. Epub 2026 Feb 2.
PMID: 41629166

Central amygdala single-nucleus atlas reveals chromatin and gene transcription dynamics in human alcohol use disorder.
Lee CY, Hwang A, McRiley D, Lee J, Thibodeau G, Duman C, Zhang X, Skarica M, Coudriet J, Xu S, Terwilliger R, Sliby AN, Wang J, Nguyen T, Liu Y, Li H, Dai Y, Duan Z, Lei Y, Lin Y, Glausier JR, Lewis DA, Gelernter J, Holtzheimer PE, Xu K, Zhou H, Zhao H, Thompson SL, Krystal JH, Che A, Taylor JR, Zhang J, Girgenti MJ
Nat Commun. 2026 Jan 19;17(1):1634. doi: 10.1038/s41467-026-68351-1. Epub 2026 Jan 19.
PMID: 41554730

Efficacy and safety of the stellate ganglion block for posttraumatic stress disorder in veterans: Rationale for and methods of a multisite trial.
Hollifield M, Brock C, Lim K, Holtzheimer P, Alkire M, Macedo F, Bovin MJ, Smith T, Romesser J, Messina M, Jovanovic T, Norrholm S, Krajec A
Contemp Clin Trials. 2026 Jan;160:108180. doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2025.108180. Epub 2025 Dec 4.
PMID: 41352532

Mapping DNA Methylation Signatures to Identify Epigenetic Variation Across Subcortical Regions of the Human Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Brain.
Li H, Liu Y, Shi Y, Wang J, Nguyen TP, Xie Y, Zheng W, Cheng Y, Cruz DA, Modliszewski JL, Terwilliger R, Sliby AN, Martinez-Magaña JJ, Montalvo-Ortiz JL, Roache JD, Averill LA, Young-McCaughan S, Shiroma PR, Huber BR, Lewis DA, Glausier J, Holtzheimer P, Friedman MJ, Zhang J, Peterson AL, Abdallah CG, Valizadeh A, Zhang X, Xu K, Krystal JH, Duman RS, Zhao H, Corcoran DL, Williamson DE, Girgenti MJ
Biol Psychiatry. 2025 Nov 3; pii: S0006-3223(25)01581-1. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2025.10.032. Epub 2025 Nov 3.
PMID: 41192574

Developing Clinically Interpretable Neuroimaging Biotypes in Psychiatry.
Ahn J, Foland-Ross LC, Akiki TJ, Boyar L, Wydler I, Bostian C, Zhang X, Yang HJ, Ellsay A, Ma EW, Rajasekharan D, Holtzheimer P, Lim K, Madore MR, Philip NS, Ajilore O, Ma J, Williams LM
Biol Psychiatry. 2026 May 15;99(10):810-829. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2025.08.019. Epub 2025 Sep 8.
PMID: 40930375

Revisiting subcallosal cingulate deep brain stimulation for depression: Long-term safety and effectiveness outcomes from a pooled analysis of 172 implanted patients.
Himes LM, Mayberg HS, Husain MM, Holtzheimer PE, Lozano AM, Kennedy SH, Gross RE, Kopell BH, Figee M, Slavin KV, Pilitsis JG, Neimat JS, Hamani C, Pouratian N, Giacobbe P, Mogilner AY, Nanduri D, Cheeran BJ, Pathak YJ, Riva-Posse P
Brain Stimul. 2025 Sep-Oct;18(5):1632-1640. doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2025.08.017. Epub 2025 Aug 23.
PMID: 40854479

Psychosocial Interventions Impact on Cardiometabolic, Neurobiological, Behavioral, and Immune Outcomes in People With a Serious Mental Illness: A Systematic Review.
Hill JC, Noller C, Holtzheimer P, Disano K, Klinsky E, Pudasaini M, Crowe-Cumella H, Fortuna KL
Health Sci Rep. 2025 Jul;8(7):e70954. doi: 10.1002/hsr2.70954. Epub 2025 Jul 21.
PMID: 40692574

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