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George A. O'Toole Jr, PhD

Title(s)
Professor of Microbiology and Immunology

Department(s)
Microbiology and Immunology

Education
University of Wisconsin - Madison, Ph.D., 1994
Cornell University, B.S., 1988

After postdoctoral work at the University of Wisconsin-Madison and Harvard Medical School, Dr. O'Toole joined the faculty of the Department of Microbiology at Dartmouth Medical School in 1999.

Programs
Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Programs

Websites
O'Toole Lab
Microbiology and Molecular Pathogenesis Program
Dept of Microbiology & Immunology
Molecular Cellular Biology Grad Program

Contact Information

Geisel School of Medicine
Remsen Building, Rm 202 - HB 7550
Hanover NH 03755

Office: 202 Remsen
Phone: 603-650-1248
Email: georgeo@Dartmouth.Edu


Professional Interests

The main focus of the O'Toole laboratory is the study of complex surface-attached bacterial communities known as biofilms. Biofilms can form on a wide variety of surfaces including catheter lines, surgical implants, contact lenses, the lungs of patients with cystic fibrosis, industrial and drinking water pipelines, and on the surfaces of plant roots. In most natural, clinical, and industrial settings bacteria live predominantly in biofilms and not as planktonic (free-swimming) cells such as those typically studied in the laboratory. Bacteria growing in biofilm communities are of great interest to the medical community, because these bacteria become highly resistant to antibiotics by an as yet unknown mechanism. Although much has been learned about the types of microbes that can form biofilms, the morphology of these communities, and their chemical/physical properties, until recently little was known about the molecular genetic basis of biofilm formation or antibiotic resistance.

Studies in the O'Toole lab focus on:
>Polymicrobial infections and antibiotic tolerance in cystic fibrosis.
>The role of gut microbiota in airway disease in infants with cystic fibrosis.
>The signal transduction pathways regulating biofilm formation and surface sensing.
>The role of the intracellular signaling molecule c-di-GMP in controlling biofilm formation by Pseudomonads.


Selected Publications

 

A genotoxin associated with colorectal cancer linked to gut dysbiosis in children with cystic fibrosis.
Barrack KE, Surve SV, de Sousa Bezerra AV, Murphy CE, Soucy SM, Aguilar Ramos MA, Valls RA, Ruff RD, Balskus EP, Sanville JL, Madan JC, O'Toole GA
J Bacteriol. 2026 Jun 9;:e0019026. doi: 10.1128/jb.00190-26. Epub 2026 Jun 9.
PMID: 42262087

Disrupting phage liquid crystalline droplets restores antibiotic susceptibility in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms.
Tarafder AK, Graham M, Davis LK, Pratt S, Bohning J, Manivannan P, Wang Z, Clemente CM, Weimann A, Floto RA, Owens RJ, O'Toole GA, Pearce P, Bharat TAM
PLoS Biol. 2026 Jun;24(6):e3003834. doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3003834. Epub 2026 Jun 5.
PMID: 42247470

The versatility of the CHASE domain in one-component systems of c-di-GMP signal transduction from P. aeruginosa.
Angeli S, Scribani-Rossi C, Colasanto G, Spizzichino S, Rosignoli S, Giorgi A, Cutruzzola F, Paone A, Tramonti A, Contestabile R, Montoya R, O'Toole GA, Paiardini A, Rinaldo S
J Bacteriol. 2026 Jun 18;208(6):e0037025. doi: 10.1128/jb.00370-25. Epub 2026 May 28.
PMID: 42207691

Understanding Sexual Orientation Ambiguity: Perceptions of Transitional Impacts in the Context of a Relationship Dissolution.
O'Toole GA, Woods P, Anders KM, Durtschi J, Ferraro AJ
J Sex Res. 2026 May 6;:1-9. doi: 10.1080/00224499.2026.2662945. Epub 2026 May 6.
PMID: 42090595

Sex and regional effects of Bacteroides in the gut.
Valls RA, Barrack KE, Surve SV, Bliska JB, O'Toole GA
mBio. 2026 Jun 10;17(6):e0046926. doi: 10.1128/mbio.00469-26. Epub 2026 May 6.
PMID: 42089633

Structural analyses uncover protease-adhesin interactions and c-di-GMP receptor regulation in sulfate-reducing bacteria.
Font ME, Karbelkar AA, Lormand JD, Mortensen S, Garcia-Garcia MJ, O'Toole GA, Sondermann H
Nat Commun. 2026 Apr 17;17(1) doi: 10.1038/s41467-026-71936-5. Epub 2026 Apr 17.
PMID: 41998003

Combating orthopedic implant biofilms - SABER (Study on Agitation for Biofilm Eradication and Reduction) evaluates mechanical, sonication, and radiofrequency approaches: a preclinical in vitro study.
McManus TG, Fort MW, Barrack KE, Ray GS, Sparks MB, McGuire KJ, O'Toole GAO
Acta Orthop. 2026 Mar 31;97:209-216. doi: 10.2340/17453674.2026.45569. Epub 2026 Mar 31.
PMID: 41915005

Draft genome sequences of 109 gut bacteria isolated from colonoscopy samples of individuals with and without cystic fibrosis.
Surve SV, Valls RA, O'Toole GA
Microbiol Resour Announc. 2026 Apr 9;15(4):e0111425. doi: 10.1128/mra.01114-25. Epub 2026 Mar 12.
PMID: 41817438

The regional landscape of the human colon culturome in health and cystic fibrosis.
Surve SV, Valls RA, Barrack KE, Gwilt LL, Gardner TB, O'Toole GA
Microbiol Spectr. 2026 Apr 7;14(4):e0312625. doi: 10.1128/spectrum.03126-25. Epub 2026 Feb 27.
PMID: 41757945

Streptococcus sanguinis antagonizes Prevotella melaninogenica in the context of the cystic fibrosis respiratory microbiome.
El Hafi B, Jean-Pierre F, Taub L, Hampton TH, O'Toole GA
J Bacteriol. 2026 Mar 19;208(3):e0000526. doi: 10.1128/jb.00005-26. Epub 2026 Feb 27.
PMID: 41757889

View more publications on PubMed