Analgesia and Anesthesia Information by Species
| Amphibians | Birds | Cats | Dogs | Ferrets |
| Guinea Pigs | Hamsters | Mice | Primates | Rabbits |
| Rats | Sheep/Goats | Swine | ||
Pain Recognition
Most of the acute or chronic clinical signs are not an absolute indication of pain as they may be associated with other problems, e.g. diseases. Experiences and professional judgement must be used, along with specific laboratory tests, to determine the cause and severity of the problem. It is imperative that research and animal care staff receive adequate training in how to recognize clinical signs of pain. If signs of pain are evident after discontinuing analgesics please consult the ARC Veterinary staff.
Signs of pain which are common for many species include anorexia with subsequent loss of weight, abnormal posture and self mutilation. Listed below are additional signs of pain for individual species and can be utilized to assist investigators and animal care staff in recognizing some degree of pain.
Please contact the ARC Veterinarians for drug doses involving drugs or species not listed.